School Uniforms - 1566 Words

The Need for School Uniforms A safe and structured learning environment is the first requirement of a good school. Children who feel safe and secure will better learn basic American values. In return they will learn the basis of good citizenship and become better students. In response to growing levels of violence in our schools, many parents, teachers, and school officials have been forced to look toward school uniforms as one potentially positive way to reduce discipline problems and increase school safety. It has been observed that the adoption of school uniform policies can promote school safety, improve discipline, and enhance the learning environment. The potential benefits of school uniforms include decreasing violence and theft.†¦show more content†¦A uniform policy must also prohibit students from wearing a button bearing a gang insignia. A uniform policy must also prohibit items that undermine the integrity of the uniform, such as a sweatshirt that bears a political message but also covers or replaces the type of shirt required by the uniform policy. There is another big issue within the implementation of school uniforms. Schools must determine whether to have a voluntary or mandatory school uniform policy. Some schools have adopted completely voluntary school uniform policy, which permits students to freely choose whether and under what circumstances they will wear the school uniform. On the other hand, some schools have determined that it is both warranted and more effective to adopt a mandatory uniform policy. When a mandatory school uniform policy is adopted, there must be a determination as to whether to have an opt out provision In most cases, school districts with mandatory policies allow students, with parental consent, to opt out of the school uniform requirements. Some schools have determined, however, that a mandatory policy with no opt out provision is necessary to address a disruptive atmosphere. A Phoenix, Arizona school, for example, adopted a mandatory policy requiring students to wear school uniforms, or attend another public school. That Phoenix schools uniform policy was recently upheld by a state trialShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms And Schools Uniforms1211 Words   |  5 PagesSchool uniforms began their revolution in private schools; they represented a unique appearance, and provided a safe environment for the students attending. Private and Catholic schools were clever enough for implementing school uniforms, because without their influence public schools would have not adapted on creating a dress code for students. By introducing school uniforms in school policies they have managed to impact students learning environment in reducing stress, changing students’ behaviorRead MoreUniforms in School726 Words   |  3 PagesThe standard issue school uniform of khaki, navy and white once exclusive to the private parochial institutions is becoming a common requirement in public schools across the nation. This trend that was first suggested for public schools in 1980 by then D. C. mayor, Marion Barry, to help diminish the social stigma of low income stu dents has grown significantly in both numbers and reasons (Lawrence, 2013). In 2010, it was reported by the National Center for Education Statistics, that nearly 19% ofRead MoreSchools and Uniforms733 Words   |  3 PagesSchool Uniforms Uniforms in schools are a big debate around the world. Should we have uniforms in schools? The answer is yes because uniform help the schools. They bring to table a great deal of help because students are getting bullied, killed, and some may not have as much as other when shopping for clothes. Having uniforms bring safety to schools and what goes on after school. Why do we need uniforms? Most student have their own style, but a common argument against school uniforms is thatRead MoreSchool Uniform And School Uniforms937 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Uniform School uniforms keep students focused on their education not in their clothings. When all students are wearing the same outfit, they are less concerned about how they look and how they fit in with their peers. It’s easier for parent and students do not spend time choosing appropriate outfit for school day. It helps students can only concentrate on their schoolwork. Education is one of the big institutions for every kid that go to school. Also education is the roots that will help peopleRead MoreSchool Uniforms And Schools Uniforms819 Words   |  4 Pagesas school uniforms, many are quick to deem them as unjust and avoidable. What these individuals do not know is that, in fact, school uniforms would enhance how the learning environment functions. Surely, when schools provide their students with uniforms, they are not providing their students with dreadful apparel, they are providing their students with an opportunity to change; whether it be a chance for a student to change t heir role academically, or a chance for a student to fit in. School uniformsRead MoreSchool Uniforms1143 Words   |  5 PagesSchool uniforms make things more complicated Firstly, school is the place where all of us step in at a very tender age. In one word, life begins at school. It’s not just education but school gives us the platform to nurture our faith, emotions in such an early stage of life. The importance of making friends, working as a team- we learn all these in school. And wearing the same dress definitely brings a sense of unity among students. In every school there are students from different backgrounds butRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Yes or No?2109 Words   |  9 Pages3 March 2011 School Uniforms: A Non-Military Proposal for Swedens Students The word school uniform has negative connotations for many people. It makes them think of war, of soldier, of death, brainwashed airheads doing exactly the same as everybody else. It makes them think of reformed, collectivized groups of people with no personal identity. There are, however, reasons for the existence of the uniform; one of them being, as the name suggests, the purpose of uniting. At schools all around theRead MoreDress Codes And School Uniforms1248 Words   |  5 Pagesembarrassing than being dress coded at school? Enforcing a dress code among children is unfair because it not only discriminates against people but it destroys someone’s whole day. Dress codes and school uniforms are meant to increase student achievement and make everyone equal but instead it only hurts people. Most school dress codes are unnecessary and are sexist. Enforcing dress codes is suppose to boost student achievement but instead is racist, sexist and unnecessary. Schools should take in to considerationRead MoreShould School Uniforms For Wear Uniforms?969 Words   |  4 Pagesrequired to wear uniforms? In today’s society this is a very controversial subject across America. Many object uniforms because they feel uniforms don t allow students to have the freedom to express themselves the way they want. People feel uniforms undermine children s individuality. However, taking into consideration facts from both sides, what remains most important is the child s academics. To improve academics, schools should require all students to wear a uniform. Though uniforms may not be theRead MoreAre School Uniforms Beneficial Or Not?1098 Words   |  5 PagesAre School Uniforms Beneficial or Not? How does dressing and feeling the same as everybody else sound? Would it be enjoyable, or would it be no fun? According to Procon.org, the first recorded use of school uniforms in the United States was in 1994. In Europe around the early sixteenth century, school uniforms were made to tell the difference between poor students to the charity schools as opposed to other children. In London people thought that schools without uniforms were to be looked at as lower

Sales and Operations Planning Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sales and Operations Planning. Answer: Main Purpose of the Article The main purpose of this article is linked to its title "Information sharing for sales and operations planning: Contextualized solutions and mechanisms by (Kaipia, Holmstrom, Smro, Rajala, 2017). It strives to establish the benefits that accrue the organization when they design a strong system that will facilitate the sharing of sales information with customers through well-planned operations. The article notes that sharing sales information as from lower level as retailer helps the organization to plan its operations based on the needs of the customer. The article takes two examples to test the applicability of information sharing for sales and operations planning between two organizations. In the first organization, where the management embraces the sharing of sales information to build on operations derived more benefits. On the other side, the organization that did use the approach of information sharing for sales to plan for its operations appeared to suffer. Therefore, it is w ell evidenced that the main purpose of the article links with the operations management which is the topic under discussion. Key Questions for the Article The major question arising from this article is whether relying on information sharing with the customers helps the organization derive certain benefits. The article compares whether introducing information sharing system in the sales and operations planning purpose produce or not produce benefits for the organizations applying it. Secondly, another question in the article aims to look how the existing challenges that face organizations that apply information sharing in their sales and operations planning system. Secondly, the key questions coming out from this article can be identified in the research gap. Under this section, the article aims to determine how elaborative mechanisms can improve expected outcomes from information sharing from the perspective of the manufacturers. Another question is how the manufacturer can take advantage of a point of sale information to improve operations management. Lastly, there is a question on how the companies can use collaborative sales and operations planning system to improve their operations management. Most Important Information Apart from the primary data that involves the author collecting the information himself, the secondary is also important for the development of the article. In fact, the writing and discussion of academic articles are largely linked to the existing information. Under this section, this paper will analyze the secondary information that has been used by the authors of their study. First, the article uses the secondary information to look at the challenges that befall organizations which introduce information sharing in their sales and operations planning system. The article has relied on literature review as the major source of its secondary information. The literature review used in the article highlight the potential benefits as well as the drawbacks that can face companies using information sharing in their operations planning processes. In one of the secondary source in the article maintains that are a significant number of benefits associated with the application on information sharing in sales and operations planning management( Mrcio, Scavarda, Fernandez, Scavarda, 2012). However, another information goes further this study because not situations contribute to benefits as the result of data sharing. Therefore, the benefits of information sharing will only be achievable in special situations. Secondly, another source used in the article argues that not all products can be subjected into information sharing. Also, if the organizations anticipate deriving benefits from this approach of operations management they have to design different information sharing systems for different products(Ellinger Keller, 2010). The secondary data used in this article is attributable to the topic of operations management. Therefore, it is doubtless that this article uses information that has a strong interconnection between information sharing for sales and operations planning management. Thirdly, the article was supported its position by using model-based studies from secondary sources that explains the benefits gained by the organization depends on features of the model and assumptions applied in the study(Gimenez, 2015). For example, the secondary information noted that if the supplier uses a single retailer to evaluate the benefits of information sharing may assume that sharing information will the customers helps the organization improve its operations management. On the other hand, several studies used in the article assume that if the organization have access to high demand, sufficient supply, and improved process data in the supply chain the operation performance of the company will automatically improve. However, this cannot work effectively without introducing the system of sharing information with the customers and all other concerned parties. Again, the article goes ahead to rely on the secondary data to argue that there are contexts where benefits cannot be realized. For example, the authors of the article argue that in the event where there is accurate forecasting, low inventory costs and short lead times contributes to reduced risks even without employing information sharing in the operations planning. Kaipia, Holmstrom, Smro, Rajala (2017) looks at both positive and negative side of introducing information sharing in the operations planning management. Another secondary information used in the article supports that it is not a guarantee that information sharing will contribute improved performance. However, this source assumed that there is improved performance largely when information sharing is operational processes are used within the company as well as between the participating companies. The Huge volume of secondary information used in this article recognizes the importance of information sharing in operations planning. The majority of secondary sources argue that there are numerous benefits when a collaborative sales and operations planning (SOP) is applied(Godsell, 2010). Several authors that have carried out studies used as the secondary sources in the article argue that examination of the more collaborative sales and operations planning has a variety of benefits for the organizations that apply it. For example, when the demand factor from the customers side is known, the company will establish systems that will oversee improved retail management promotions. This means that all the customers demands will be met satisfactorily. Similarly, the company will reduce or prevent extra costs of producing goods that may not be needed by the customers. Therefore, sharing sales information helps to improve the internal operations of the company. Another simulation study used in the article maintains that sudden change in demand point on sale data is the important information for the manufacturer to consider(Harwell, 2012). Similarly, the model-based study used in the article finds out that the value of information sharing is very important for assessing retail replenishment for perishable products. However, the author using the model-based study argue that value of information will depend on several factors such as product price and demand variability. The respondent survey has also been used in this article as a secondary source. The author of the source containing the survey argues that supply chain dynamism is the subject of valuable information(Holt, 2012). This means with sales sharing information it will be difficult to evaluate and understand the dynamisms associated with supply chain processes. This makes the management of the supply chain difficult because some of the internal operations do not conform to the external demand as exhibited by the customers. However, with collaborative planning, there is a high probability that the getting the demand forecasting correctly. Improving new product introduction has also relied on secondary sources as shown in this article. The source used in article depicts that use of demand information helps the company t forecast potential sales(Cauchois Taghipour, 2016). This helps to avoid the challenging situations that come with new products. For example, the velocity of sales and getting the company new products being distributed to the international market becomes a big challenge. However, with the introduction of information sharing for the sales in collaboration with operations planning to helps the company to have prior knowledge about the customers demand and needs. The application of information sharing eases the process of getting new product in the market. From the secondary information used in this article, it is quite evident that it has effectively used secondary information that relates to operation management. The article has looked at both sides of information sharing. For example, it has addressed the benefits associated with information sharing as well the situation where the value of information sharing cannot work(Cavusoglu, Cavusoglu, Raghunathan, 2011). Again, the article has also considered various studies and models that have carried out and developed respectively to undress the topic under discussion. Therefore, it is indisputable that this article has effectively discussed the sharing of sales information for operations planning about operation management. Main Inferences of the Article The major inference in this article depicts that there is an additional factor that is needed for sales information sharing for operations planning. Likewise, there are more benefits associated with the sales information sharing than there are drawbacks. However, the article also pinpoints that not all companies enjoy the benefits of information sharing. Whether the company will experience benefits from information sharing for operations planning depends on different factors and situations. For example, for the company dealing with multi-production processes finds it more beneficial to rely on sales of point information than for the company dealing with the single production process. Another inference being exhibited in this article connote that companies need to have a prior knowledge about expected outcomes before investing in acquiring the value of information. Therefore, the company has to establish sufficient integration between sales and operations. If the customers sales information shared with the supplier is low, and production planning cycles are long, the value of a point on sale information may be non-existent or very small. Finally, the article infers that there are bigger challenges when introduced a new product in the market. However, with the application of the sales information sales for operations planning to get new product in the market will be very easy. Key Concepts of the Article The writing of the articles is based on the concepts that influence the author to develop his or her study from the beginning to the end. First, the article addresses the outcome that manufacturers experience from employing sales information sharing for operations planning. Secondly, the article strives to investigate the concept of how elaborative mechanisms can contribute to the achievement of desired operations management outcome. Lastly, the article looks at how manufacturers can use a point on sale information to improve operations planning. Main Assumption The major assumption arising from this article holds that information sharing for operations planning automatically guarantee benefits for the companies that use it. However, this assumption is disputed on the fact not all companies derive benefits from employing value sales information sharing. Secondly, the value of shared sales information varies with different situations and factors. Implications There are major operations management implications evident in this study. The article offers very important information about the operations management especially during the production of the new product. Alternatively, the article makes it clear that applicability of shared sales information with situations. Finally, the article equips operation managers with the knowledge that they should expect different outcomes when they invest on sales information sharing. This is because it may result in positive or negative outcomes. Conclusion and Recommendation This is one of the best articles that explains the connection between sales data and operations planning. The article goes further to explain in detail how operations managers can use a point on sale information to improve operations management. Again, the article provides the benefits and drawbacks associated with sharing sales information for operations planning. However, the article is largely based on the assumption. This makes the results of the study a bit unreliable. Therefore, this paper suggests this article could have been improved through relying largely on the primary data than on the secondary information. References Mrcio, A., Scavarda, L. F., Fernandez, N. S., Scavarda, A. J. (2012). International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management Emerald Article. Sales and operations planning and the firm performance, 61(4), 359 - 381. Cauchois, R., Taghipour, A. (2016). Advanced Solutions for a Supply Chain with Stochastic Information. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 5(1), 9-13. Cavusoglu, H., Cavusoglu, H., Raghunathan, S. (2011). The value of an Interaction between Production Postponement and Information Sharing Strategies for Supply Chain Firms. Production and Operations Management, 21(3), 470488. Ellinger, E., Keller, R. (2010). The relationship between marketing/logistics interdepartmental integration and performance in US manufacturing ?rms: an empirical study. Journal of Business Logistics, 26(1), 1-22. Gimenez, C. (2015). Logistics-production, logistics-marketing and external integration: their impact on performance. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 25(1), 20-38. Godsell, J. (2010). Building the supply chain to enable business alignment: lessons from British American Tobacco. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(1), 10-15. Harwell, J. (2012). Sales and operations are planning in the retail industry. Journal of Business Forecasting, 27(2), 4-10. Holt, C. (2012). Learning how to plan production inventories and work force. Operations Research, 96-9. Kaipia, R., Holmstrom, J., Smro, J., Rajala, R. (2017). Information sharing for sales and operations planning: Contextualized solutions and mechanisms. Journal of Operations Management, 52, 15e2916.

Robert Browning Essays (2215 words) - Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Robert Browning Robert Browning, one of the most talented poets of the Victorian period, is famous especially for his dramatic monologues. Often these long poems deal with such issues as love, death, and faith. Much of his work is directly reflective of his life and of those issues that were of direct concern to him. One conflict seen throughout Browning's poetry is one of spirituality. His poetry forms a spiritual timeline; it reveals his spiritual influences and opinions. It formed his own Bible of beliefs which he possessed. Because Browning's views on spirituality changed, his poetry also gives insight on the internal conflicts within his life. The paper will explore Robert Browning's spiritual journey as is reflective in his poetry. Robert Browning was born in Camberwell, near London, England on May 7, 1812. He was raised by his father, also Robert Browning, and by his deeply religious mother, Sarah Anna Weideman-Browning. His often indulgent parents gave him the freedom to explore new literary and philosophical ideas of the time period, yet he was also instructed to believe the unexplained mysteries of the Christian faith(Miller, 1953). His mother, who had strong ties to the congregational church, took great time to instruct Robert in his religious studies. With this open atmosphere, however, Browning exhibited signs of disinterest in religion during his early childhood. The town preacher, in fact , found it necessary to publicly scold for restlessness and inattention Master Robert Browning(as cited in,Miller, 1953, p.9). Robert Browning's tendency toward skepticism was recorded early on. Robert Browning's first deviation from his faith was at the age of fifteen or sixteen. His primary influences were the Flower family and the writing of P.B Shelley. Browning often traveled to the Flower's house to discuss music, poetry, and aethism (Irvine & Honan, 1974). Eliza Flower , with whom Browning was infatuated was an influence in Browning's aethism. She was one of the primary influences that turned Browning away from the Christianity of his mother. His other influence, the writing of Shelley, a known aethist, taught Browning to be an independent free thinker. After reading Shelley's book, Queen Mab , Browning became an aethist and a vegetarian(DeVane & Smalley, 1984). He rejected his mother's world to gain a sense of liberty and independence(Irvine & Honan, 1974). This faith change at such an early age seemed to lead to a continual spiritual inconsistency throughout his life. Browning had trouble accepting any faith or religion he chose to follow and often questioned his judgment in faith related decisions. Robert Browning considered Shelley to be moral because he was true, simple hearted and brave(cited in Payne, 1967, p.198). He found him to also be a man of religious mind because Shelley was everywhere taking for granted some of the capital dogmas of Christianity, while most vehemently denying their historical basement (cited in Payne, 1967, p.199). Browning clearly possessed a great respect for Shelley which followed him through much of his early poetry. Browning's life was fundamentally affected(Miller, 1953, p.9) by the Shelley's writing. During his adolescence, Browning may have recognized Shelley's, fearless spiritual independence(Miller, 1953, p.9). He noticed a principal of conduct whereby to measure in the years to come not only the sum of his own poetic achievement but the very nature of human integrity itself(Miller, 1953, p.9). Although there is no available poetry written before his first published work, Pauline, his early aethism is still reflected in his early poetry. Robert Browning eloped to Italy with Elizabeth Barret. Upon meeting his extremely religious wife and with her persuasion, Browning began to realize that Shelley's poetry had led him to a life of self- absorption. Yet, Robert took a skeptical attitude on the spiritual rappings, spurred on perhaps by his wife's immediate will to believe(Markus,1995, p.219). Eventually, though, Robert Browning made the decision to return to his Christian faith, perhaps due to his respect for his deeply religious mother or to the persuasion by his spiritually inclined wife. It is said that Elizabeth, Browning's wife, believed that spiritualism offered an alternative to melancholy: an assurance reinforcing faith(Miller, 1953, p.192). Browning, however was often skeptical of his wife's spiritualism. Despite this, Pauline reveals a return to God, but also displays an undying reverence to Shelley.

How to Write a Literature Essay on #8220;The Red and the White#8221;

How to Write a Literature Essay on #8220;The Red and the White#8221; A literature essay is used to closely examine a piece of prose, poetry, or a treatise. If you have to write one on, let’s say â€Å"The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West†, you need to know how to draft one for your instructor to give you a good grade. After all, you need to thoroughly analyze the written masterpiece you read. So, here are the steps your instructor will expect you to follow to write your first ever literature essay. Reading and Research Phase Analyzing a book becomes a lot easier if you have read the text thoroughly. Ideally, critical analysis requires deeply reading the text. If you do not have time for this, try to read the book at least once. After reading the primary text, you need to research secondary sources. Look up relevant facts on â€Å"The Red and the White† for a literature essay and carry out some additional reading on the major themes presented in the book. However, remember that these secondary sources are just an aid for your work. The ideas you present must be your own. At this stage choose the topic you wish to write about. You probably have already discovered some interesting aspects you can write on. For instance, you can focus on characters, themes, and historical events which motivated the author. For more topics on a literature essay about â€Å"The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West†, refer to 20 topics on â€Å"The Red and the White† for a literature essay. Introduction This is the first and most important part of the literature essay. It contains three basic components: a hook, a transition, and your thesis. The hook is a sentence that is used to grab your reader’s attention. You should broadly state the topic you are writing about. Try to make the introduction as interesting as possible. The second component, the transition, connects the broad idea of the hook to the specific work of literature you will be writing about. Include the title of the work; the name of the author in the introductory part of your essay. Also mention any special awards/accolades the book has received. The last part of the introduction is the thesis. A thesis is the central idea the entire essay. It should be a strongly worded statement that is equally clear and succinct. You can also provide a preview of your essay; simply list the major ideas your paper discusses. Body of the Essay The body of the essay is composed of three to five paragraphs. Each paragraph presents one idea which ties back into your original thesis. These paragraphs should be structured as follows: Topic sentence Explanation of the idea Supportive evidence from the text Connecting the idea to your main thesis The paragraphs should be structured in a way that allows the essay to flow smoothly from one topic to another. Keep your focus on proving the central idea you stated in the introduction. Conclusion Reiterate your central idea. Try to describe the broader significance of your topic. Finally, state why the literary aspect under discussion was used and how it illustrates your idea. This template is an ideal format to follow when writing a literature essay. Although it focuses on a specific book, you can easily generalize these guidelines and use them for any literature essay you need to work on in the future.

Labarotary report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labarotary - Lab Report Example In addition, infants have still to develop a urinary system that concentrates or dilutes urine in response to changes in extracellular fluid. Aside from that, they are still unable to effectively communicate their complaints, It is thus important that an outside monitoring of water loss and input be conducted to prevent complications such as dehydration or edema (Ambalavanan, 2010). Early determination of abnormal fluid levels gives room in early intervention and prevention of complications. Usually, one can predict predilection of infants to abnormal fluid levels by the maternal and newborn history. As well, measuring of fluid output through urine, stool, nasogastric, orogastric, and cerebrospinal fluid may be conducted (Ambalavanan, 2010). For this experiment, four nappies per pair were prepared. After previously weighing all four, two (labelled 1 and 2) were added with 15-50 ml water, while the remaining were added with 15-50 l of concentrated salt. Weight differences between unused and wet nappies were then determined and presented in the tables below. Table 1 summarizes the data collected by the pair of experimenters. As can be seen, the differences among the unused nappy weights were minimal, with the mean weight at 10.2 Â ± 0.2 grams. Any detected differences among wet nappies, must thus be because of the fluids they contain, and not of the material they are made of. Looking at the data of other pairs (table 2), specifically of group 2, it can be seen that equal volumes of water and salt solution does not cause any significant differences in the change of nappy weight. In support of this data, group 3 found that pouring a volume of the salt solution that was twice as much as the volume of water caused almost twice as high weight difference as that recorded in nappies added with the same amount of water. Data gathered by this pair of experimenters, as well as of other groups were not used in

What are the main features of a bipolar world Illustrate your answer Essay

What are the main features of a bipolar world Illustrate your answer with examples - Essay Example The bipolarity as explained above was a period in which US, her allies, the USSR, and her allies held extreme views in all manner of sense; from political to economic issues. The period was also characterized with suspicion and propaganda, the suspicion that USSR or United States were in the process of developing weapons of mass destruction. It must be noted that there were no formal confirmation of this allegation rather a state of being insecure given that both USSR and the US emerged as the World super power and had Veto powers in the UN council (Hunt, 147). It can be believed that the war bipolarity was necessitated by the fact that both USSR and US emerged as super powers and were posing significant threat to each other, the only way they could deal with the situation was holding contrary view. It accentuates our belief that way because in any event, the two countries were in the same front all along from 1914-45. Even though in the bipolar world there were no direct military confrontations, most of the historian have alluded that it can be termed as the world war III. This is because the two opposing groups, USSR, and U.S were involved in indirect wars by supporting their proxies with military and economic aids. The situations were glaring in the cases of Korean and the Vietnam. The Cuban missile crisis was also a manifestation of the proxy involvement of the two antagonistic sides in 1962. Some of the factors that led to the bipolarity were; The Soviet were in a mad rush to spread communism ideology in the world as a matter of having no option to even the minority countries, this was against the American position that was hinged more on democracy. The American acquisition of the all-lethal atomic bomb made USSR restless considering that they were also super powers. In as much as the two countries emerged super powers in the concluded world wars, they had

Theory Mild Steel Material

Theory Mild Steel Material Mild steel or so-called carbon steel was the most common  types of steel  being used nowadays in almost all forms of industrial applications and industrial manufacturing. Basically, it refers to a group of low carbon steel with relatively low tensile strength, malleable and cheap which consist the maximum composition of Carbon between 0.15% to 0.3%. Furthermore its surface hardness can be increased through carburizing. Apart from the cheapest types of steel, it was widely used in every type of product created from  steel because of its weldability, good strength and hardness and although it has the tendency to rust, it is very durable to build materials. Plus, it had the ability to be be magnetized and used in almost any project that requires a lot number of metal. 2.1.2 Types of Mild Steel There were many types of Mild Steel that had been discovered until recently, among them were A36, High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steel, Abrasion Resistant (AR), Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ), 4140, 8620 ,1045,1018 and Free Machine Steel (FM 45). The most popular mild steel specification for carbon steel is A36 which normally comes in shapes of plates and bars for bolted and welded construction. High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steel usually contain more than 15% composition of carbon and it is stronger than any ordinary plain carbon steels. HSLA normally comes in the appearance of Corten and Exten material. They are widely used in cars, cranes, bridges and other structures to handle stress at low temperatures. Abrasion Resistant (AR) is commonly used in truck and hopper bodies, shoots, and wear as it is a very hard mild steel that is abrasion or wear resistant. While for the Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ), because of its properties which are high strength and low weight mild steel it wa s commonly used in earth moving, transport equipment such as booms, buckets, and pressure vessels. Among the example of PVQ are A514 and T1. 4140 and 8620 perform well under high heat, heavy load wear-resistant material and was used for dyes and molds. 1045 is a standard mild steel which is more durable than A36 though it is harder to machine and weld. It is commonly used for axles, bolts, connecting rods, hydraulic rams and etc. 1018 is the most frequently available of the cold-rolled steels and chemically similar to A36. It come generally in round rod, square bar and rectangle bar. It have good edges such as strength, ductility and ease of machining. Last but not least, Free Machine Steel (FM 45) is a mild steel that has average durability in strength and easy to machine. 2.1.3 Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel In materials science, the strength phrase can be assumed as a high resistance to breakage. Mild steel was well known because of its high resistance to breakage and therefore its mechanical properties can be considered as very strong due to the low amount of carbon it contains. Mild Steel also was recognized as having a high tensile and impact strength compared to the High Carbon Steel due to the fact that it can be easily malleable even when in cold. Another distinguished differences of mechanical properties between high carbon steel and Mild Steel was mild steel bends or deforms if being subjected under stress while a high carbon steels usually shatter or crack. This cause Mild Steel was widely preferred in the construction area in the interest of its weldability, machiniability, malleablility and high strength. As a result of its high strength and easy to malleable, the former is actually quite soft which cause its easy to machine and welding both to itself or to other types of ste el. Nevertheless, the former cannot be hardened through heat treatment processes unlike the latter. Mild steel usually contains few other alloying elements other than Carbon to give them certain desirable mechanical properties. For example, lets take a look at 1018, a common type of mild steel. 1018 contains an approximately 0.6%-0.9% Manganese (Mn), 0.04% Phosphorus and 0.05% Sulphur. Varying these chemicals will affects certain properties such as corrosion resistance and strength. For instance, Phosphorus, Sulphur and Silicon are undesirable and can be considered as trace elements as they have negative impacts on the steel due to their bad effects on the steel and its properties. The reason why Phosphorus is consider as a trace element because it affects primarily the ductility and the toughness of steel mostly when the steel is in the quenched and tempered conditions. In fact, the Phosphorus has a tendency to react with the iron to form a compound known as ironphosphide (Fe3P) which has the particularity of being brittle. Hence, phosphorus renders steel less tough and ductile wh ile it increases brittleness. While for the Sulphur which also was a trace element, it has a great tendency to segregate (that is to isolate itself in the structure). It also reacts with iron to form iron sulphide which produces red or hot-shortness, since the low melting eutectic forms a network around the grains so that these hold but loosely together, and the grain boundaries may easily break up during hotforming. So, from here we can see that Sulphur plays a great role in the decline ability of steel such as weldability, impact, toughness and the ductility of the steel. Carbon is an element whose presence is imperative in all steel. Indeed, carbon is the principle hardening element of steel. That is, this alloying element determines the level of hardness or strength that can be attained by quenching. Furthermore, carbon is essential for the formation of cementite (as well as other carbides) and of pearlite, spheridite, bainite, and iron-carbon martensite, with martensite being the hardest of the microstructures. Carbon is also responsible for increase in tensile strength, hardness, resistance to wear and abrasion. However, when present in high quantities it affects the ductility, the toughness and the machinability of steel. Whereas element like Carbon and Manganese are desireable as it can enhanced the properties of steel. First, lets observe Carbon element. Carbon is an element whose presence is imperative in all steel. Indeed, carbon is the principle hardening element of steel. That means that the alloying element determines the level of hardness or strength that can be attained by quenching. Furthermore, carbon is essential for the formation of cementite (as well as other carbides) and not to mention pearlite, spheridite,bainite, and iron-carbon martensite, with martensite being the hardest of the microstructures. Carbon is also responsible for the increase in tensile strength, hardness,resistance to wear and abrasion. However, when present in high quantities it will affects the ductility, the toughness and the machinability of steel. Same as Carbon, Manganese also contributes greatly towards increasing strength and hardness, but to a less extent than carbon. To be more precise, the degree to which manganese increases hardness and strength is dependent upon the Carbon content of the steel. In fact, manganese contributes to the increasing the strength of the ferrite, and also toward increasing the hardness of penetration of steel in the quench by decreasing the critical quenching speed. Moreover, still consisting of a considerable amount of manganese can be quenched in oil rather than in water, and are therefore less susceptible to cracking because of reduction in the shock of the quenching. In addition, the latter enhance the tensile strength, the hardness, the harden ability, the resistance to wear and it also increase the rate of carbon penetrating in the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel whereas it is detrimental to both thermal and electrical conductivity. 2.1.4 Application of Mild Steel Nowadays, every objects that are fabricated of  steel  are using  mild  steel type of material which includes automobile chassis, motorcycle frames and most cookware product. Due to its poor corrosion-resistance, it must be painted or protected and sealed in order to prevent rust from damaging it. A light coat of oil or grease is able to seal this  steel  and aid in rust control.Unlike high-carbon  steel,  mild  steel  is easily welded. The properties of the  steel  allow the electrical current to travel through the metal without distorting the makeup of the material. Some types of high-carbon  steel such as stainless  steel, require special techniques in order to properly weld the material. Being less brittle than high-carbon steels, the  mild  variant is able to flex and give in construction projects where a higher-carbon version could simply break. Most of the pipeline in the world is created using  mild  steel. This allows the pipe to not only be easily welded into place, but also lets the pipeline flex and avoid cracking and breaking under pressure. The corrosive properties of the  steel  pipeline mean that it must be properly sealed through painting or a process often used on pipelines that involves wrapping the pipe with a corrosive-resistant material.Often in very cold climates, a warming type of insulating material is wrapped around the pipeline. This material helps keep the cold inside the pipe running smoothly. The wrap also prevents the soft  mild  pipe  steel  from becoming brittle and cracking. The constant expansion and shrinkage due to cold and warmth cycling in the pipe could create structural integrity problems, but these are held in check by the insulating wrap. On a much smaller scale, household pipes can be prevented from becoming cold and breaking by the use of electrical heating tape. 2.2 Theory Test 2.2.1 Tensile Test A  tensile test, also known as tension test is the most fundamental type of mechanical test one can perform on the material. This tests are simple, relatively inexpensive, and fully standardized. By pulling on something, one will determine how the material will react to forces being applied in tension. As the material is being pulled, one will find its strength along with how much it will elongate. The objective of conducting Tensile test until the material breaks or rupture is to obtain a complete tensile profile. A curve will result showing how it reacted to the forces being applied. The point of failure is of much interest and is typically called the Ultimate Strength or UTS on the Stress vs Strain diagram. The total of 4 samples of mild steel plate were prepared for this test purposed where all the samples were machined following the standardized dimension given. Stress vs Strain Diagram 2.2.2 Hardness Test Rockwell hardness testing is a general method for measuring the bulk hardness of metallic and polymer materials. Although hardness testing does not give a direct measurement of any performance properties, hardness correlates with strength, wear resistance, and other properties. Hardness testing is widely used for material evaluation due to its simplicity and low cost relative to direct measurement of many properties. This method consists of indenting the test material with a diamond cone or hardened steel ball indenter. Only 1 samples of mild steel material plate was prepared for this type of test as this test only required 1 samples indent 10 data on that 1 samples. 2.2.3 Impact Test The impact properties of samples were measured using the standardized dimension from the strength lab that had been acquired from the lab technician. Then the samples that had complete the machining process will have to undergo two test which are Charpy test and Izod test. These two test were meant to measure the the amount of  energy absorbed by a material during  fracture. This absorbed energy is a measure of a given materials notch  toughness  and acts as a tool to study temperature-dependent ductile-brittle transition. The only distinctive differences between the charpy and izod lies in the way that the specimen are supported in the apparatus machine. 2.2.4 Microstructure Observation In Microstructure observation, the samples of mild steel plate will be observed under the microscope in order to monitor the microstructure of the specimen. Before the observation start, the sample will have to be prepared by first grinding the sample with grit sand paper starting from 240, 320, 400, 600 and lastly 1200. After that the sample will be polished by using either powder or paste depend on which is more suitable. Only after all these process were done we can start observe the microstructure under the microscope starting from 5x, 10x, 20x, 40x, 50x and etc.